Relationship Between a Conductors Length and Wire

Relationship Between a Conductors Length and WireElectricity has go away very useful and has changed everyones life since the day it was discovered.What is Conductivity?What is Resistance?What is the best conductor of electricity?What is Nichrome Wire?There are many factors that influence the galvanic shelter in equips, going through and through a current in circuits. The distance of the fit out and the cross-section(a) sweep are two very master(prenominal) variables. The flow of charge through fits is often compared to the flow of water through pipes. The immunity to the flow of charge in an electric circuit is analogous to the frictional effects amid water and the pipe surfaces as well as the subway system offered by obstacles that are present in its path (The physical science classroom,2016)The make sense space of the wires will affect the meat of resistance. The longer the wire, the more resistance that on that point will be. There is a direct relationship betwe en the amount of resistance encountered by charge and the distance of wire it mustiness traverse. After all, if resistance occurs as the result of collisions between charge carriers and the atoms of the wire, then there is believably to be more collisions in a longer wire. More collisions mean more resistance.The cross-sectional knowledge domain of the wires will affect the amount of resistance. Wider wires have a greater cross-sectional area. Water will flow through a wider pipe at a higher rate than it will flow through a narrow pipe. This coffin nail be attri merelyed to the lower amount of resistance that is present in the wider pipe. (The Physics classroom,2016) In the same manner, the wider the wire, the less resistance that there will be to the flow of electric charge. When all other variables are the same, charge will flow at higher rates through wider wires with greater cross-sectional areas than through thinner wires.AR3another(prenominal) formula that will be use is the resistance formula which will (Physicsclassroom, 2016)To work out the cross-sectional area of the wire, the formulaThe wire that will be used in the experiment is nichrome 30 wire which has a rundle of 0.000125m and also nichrome 22 wire, with a radius of 0.0346mm AR4(3.46e-5m)Ohms law deals with the relationship between voltage, current and resistance. electric potential is the difference in electrical potential energy. For example, if you have a simple circuit with a bombing powering a lamp, the electrons will move from the negative side of the battery, through the lamp and then to the positive side. The voltage or the difference in electrical potential energy, between the positive and negative ratiocinations of the battery would be the amount labelled on the battery because the charge was used to move the electron somewhat the circuit. A proper analogy for voltage is a waterfall. The water at the top of the waterfall is same to the negatively charged electrons and the water at the bottom of fall is similar to the discharged electrons. As the water flows from the top of the fall to the bottom it loses all of it gravitational potential energy just like the electrons losing their charge when they travel around the circuit. on-going is the total amount of charge passing through a conductor over a period of time. The water analogy for current would be how fast the water is flowing or how much water is passing through a bit of river over a period of time. AR5(Crash Course, 2016)Ohms law sess be summarised with(Hyperphysics, 2016)Since the results of the experiment will be recorded using a voltmeter and ammeter, the resistance will have to be calculated using ohms law re-arranged (Hyperphysics, 2016) opposition P (Ohm M) = and a resistivity coefficient 1.1010-6m to 1.5010-6m at 20C so this figure will be used in the resistance formula AR6(Elert, 2016)Change of conductor length AR7 4.481AR8Change of conductor cross sectional areaR= 3.00R= 6.00Lengths o f conductorResistance wire area of Resistance wire area of 3.46e-5m0.24.4813.0000.48.9646.0000.613.449.0110.817.9212.015122.415.019This process was repeated for all figures/ conductor cross sectional area and the chase graph and control boards gives the resultAR9Figure 1 The graph above shows the resistance when the wire cross sectional area is at 3.46e-5m, while the length of the wire/ conductor changesThe above interrogation prompts the following hypothesisIf the length of an electrical conductor increases, then the conductors resistance will increaseAR10, if the cross-sectional area increases, then the resistance will increase because resistance occurs receivable to charge carriers and the atoms of the wire colliding, longer wire, more collisionsAR11AR12.Equipment was gathered which included a voltmeter, ammeter, 12v power render and nichrome wire were all joined to annoyher to making a complete circuitAR14. Alligator clip leads helped to complete the circuit. Pliers were u sed to straighten and scissors to cut the wire. 0.20m of nichrome wire was put into the circuit and was taped to the metre ruler to keep the wire as straight as workable so the length end be measured as unblemished as possible. The length of varied, the wire went up by 0.20m intervals all the way up too 1.20m, starting from 0.20Figure 3 Self Drawn, WordAR15The voltmeter was in parallel to the overt nichrome wire because it measured the energy difference between two points. If it was connected in series it would barley measure anything because the energy difference would be so insignificant. The ammeter measured the current passing through the wire. If it was connected in parallel, it would not be measuring the current through the nichrome wire. A light bulb was used to consume the energy to avoid a short circuitAR16.The independent variable was the length of the exposed nichrome wire. The dependent variable was the electrical resistance of the wire. The controlled variables incl uded wire thickness, material, temperature, as these are all known variables that effect resistance, same equipment because small differences in calibration will affect their readings, same people doing the same jobs so that everything thing is done in the same way each time, same circuit/configuration as to not produce inconsistencies.This experiment was hazardous, injury was avoided as precautions were taken. All sharp objects such as scissors and pliers were used with caution to avoid cuts and pinches. Eye protection was used when cutting to avoid pieces of wire flying into eyes. Electrocution was avoided by having dry hands and only modifying the circuit when the power supply was off.AR17To check Resistance This Formula above was used to find the ResistanceResistanceAR19 coefficent 1.1010-6m wire area of 3.46e-5mWire Length (m)Current Trial 1(A)Current Trial 2(A)Current Trial 3AR20(A)Average CurrentVoltage Trial 1(V)Voltage Trial 2(V)Voltage Trial 3(V)Average Voltage(V)Average Resistance()0.000.0880.0880.0880.08800.0250.0320.0280.0280.3180.200.0880.0870.0870.08750.2760.2720.2640.2703.0680.400.0880.0870.0870.08750.5230.5180.5260.5235.9430.600.0880.0880.0890.08850.7750.7720.7620.7708.750.800.0870.0840.0830.08550.9600.9200.9500.94310.711.000.0880.0860.0870.08601.1201.1221.1201.12012.721.200.0880.0890.0880.08851.4501.4501.4501.45016.47Resistance coefficent 1.1010-6m wire area of Wire Length (m)Current Trial 1(A)Current Trial 2(A)Current Trial 3(A)Average CurrentVoltage Trial 1(V)Voltage Trial 2(V)Voltage Trial 3(V)Average Voltage(V)Average Resistance()0.000.0880.0800.0880.08500.0500.0560.0540.0550.6250.200.0880.0880.0880.08800.3400.3400.3400.3403.8630.400.0890.0880.0880.08850.5990.6590.6590.6597.4880.600.0880.0880.0880.08800.8600.9100.9100.91010.340.800.0870.0870.0880.08751.1341.2341.2331.23314.011.000.0880.0880.0880.08801.3401.6421.6421.64220.521.200.0880.0890.0880.08851.6011.6011.6011.60126.008From the resultsIt is nearly impossible to get ideal results as the independent are not able to be controlled. AR22When the wire was at 0.20m, the resistance was 3.865 and when the wire area cross sectional was 3.46e-5m the resistance was 3.068 perspicacious that per the original hypothesis that the wider the cross sectional, less resistance. So, when the wire was at 0.20m, it agrees with the hypothesis. Comparing the speculative info to the actual results when the wire was 3.46e-5m were surprisingly close. Knowing that the result was 3.068 and the theoretical data was 3.00 .AR23When the wire was at 0.40m, the resistance was 7.488 and when the wire area cross sectional was 3.46e-5m the resistance was 5.943 . Again, agreeing with the hypothesis. The theoretical data was also close the actual result. If the length of an electrical conductor increases, then the conductors resistance will increase was stated in my hypothesis and was supported by the results as the length increased to 0.40m and the end result of the resistance was increa sed from 3.865 to 7.488When the wire was at 0.60m, the resistance was 10.34 and when the wire area cross sectional was 3.46e-5m the resistance was 8.75When the wire was at 0.80m, the resistance was 14.01 and when the wire area cross sectional was 3.46e-5m the resistance was 10.71When the wire was at 1.00m, the resistance was 20.52 and when the wire area cross sectional was 3.46e-5m the resistance was 12.72When the wire was at 1.20m, the resistance was 26.008 and when the wire area cross sectional was 3.46e-5m the resistance was 16.47AR24There are many possible errors with this experimentParallax view is the difference of where the objects apparent positioning is, changing due to the change in viewing angle. This may have caused a problem as the ammeter and voltmeter both have needled in front of the scale/numbers. To get the correct numbers while using both these measuring instruments, it was a necessity to read the numbers perpendicular to both the ammeter and voltmeter. The m akers of both of these instruments have thought of this and there will often will be a reflective strip below the scale so that the user can line up the real pointer with the pointer reflection so they know that their eye is perpendicular to the surface. Another simpler solution would be to use digital devices that tell you the use up number, leaving out the ability for human error.Whenever a conductor has a current flowing through it, the resistance will generate heat, which then makes the conductor more resistive. In a conductor like nichrome, used in heating elements because of its high resistivity, it takes longer for it to heat up and to reach a resistance that is stable. If the resistance was measured when it wasnt stable, then you would receive results that were lower than the actual value. The obvious solution to this is to wait a little bit after the power supply is turned on so the wire has time to heat up or to use a thermometer to make sure that the wire is the same te mperature. AR26(Electrical4u.com, 2016)Another error was the length of the wire. Even though the wire was as straight as possible when put into the circuit, there were still slight bends in the nichrome wire making slightly longer than the actually measurement. This would affect the results as instead of the wire being exactly 0.80m it might be 0.83m, which would be plentiful to change the resistance total.Another error that I was faced with is, If a wire is bent past its minimum bend radius, the cross-sectional area of the discredited section will be smaller. Because a bent wire has a smaller cross sectional area, its resistance will increase. This applies to the experiment in wrong of wire degradation and wire handling. The wires need to be of a consistent cross sectional area, otherwise, the results will inaccurate.AR27AR28References Physicsclassroom.com. (2016). Ohms Law. online Available at http//www.physicsclassroom.com/class/circuits/Lesson-3/Ohm-s-Law (Accessed 5 marchland 17).Physicsclassroom.com. (2016). Resistance. online Available at http//www.physicsclassroom.com/class/circuits/Lesson-3/Resistance (Accessed 5 Mar 17).Pic Wire Cable. (2016). Cable Bend wheel spoke Coaxial Cable Bend Radius Triaxial Cable Bend Radius. online Available at http//www.picwire.com/technical/bend_radius.php Accessed 14 Nov. 2016.at http//www.picwire.com/technical/bend_radius.php (Accessed 5 Mar 17).Crash Course, (2016). Electric Current Crash Course Physics 28. image Available at https//www.youtube.com/watch?v=HXOok3mfMLMlist=PL8dPuuaLjXtN0ge7yDk_UA0ldZJdhwkoVindex=28 (Accessed 5 Mar 17).Electrical4u.com. (2016). Joules Law of Heating Electrical4u. online Available at http//www.electrical4u.com/joules-law/ (Accessed 5 Mar 17).AR1Put more stage into your abstract. See the document online titled Deadly EEI. They have a whole section abstractsAn abstract is a paragraph, that if read by itself, summarises the project in the least possible words (usually 100 200). It should include the aim, principles/techniques employed and a very brief statement of your results and conclusions. The criteria used will be The abstract is a clear, concise, accurate representation of the project, linking the main ideas together well without added interpretation or criticism, misunderstandings or unnecessary details.1.Begin with a topic sentence that is the major thesis (the Aim).2.Purpose state the research question and hypotheses2.Method the design3.Results concisely4.Conclusions implications of results. Can be recommendations, evaluations, applications, suggestions, new relationships, and hypotheses accepted or rejected.5.Other information incidental findings to the main purpose of the document but must not distract attention from main theme.AR2Clearly presented.Well chosen subjects.Need more variety of communication methods. Eg tables, graphs, images, diagrams, to support explanation.AR3You should discuss the formulae that links the variables for length and cro ss-sectional area here so your precedent calculations make better sense.AR4How do you calculate area?AR5Good analogies. Again, use diagrams to support this.AR6= and?AR7Make sure you explain whats happening, why this data was chosen, etc.AR8Your table isnt clearly labelled. If this is the resistivity of the wire, state as much in the table. Why did you label it as the resistance coefficient?AR9This is just the same table.AR10Describe the relationship here. Logarithmic? Linear?AR11This part just refers to length, not resistance.AR12Probably worth a C for your hypothsis. You can increase that by addressing the above points.AR13These elements of your method are good, but its incomplete. You never said where you varied the length of the wire, for instance.AR14Ensure you have someone proof read your draft before you submit it to pick up grammatical errors and bridge over sentences.AR15Good use of diagram.AR16Good explanation of equipment used.AR17Safety issues in detail. GoodAR18Youll n eed to graph your results and put it beside your theoretical data for comparison in order to achieve the highest grade here.AR19Extensive results. Good.AR20This table is missing average currentAR21Youre just stating the results of the experiment. You should be exploring patterns and trends as well as anomalies. Ie as the diameter increased or as the length increased Without this, you may not pass this section.AR22Didnt you control them?AR23Include units for resistance here. Cut and paste this one AR24Wheres your conclusion?AR25This is decent. Probably a C. Remember to suggest what can be explored from here eg. A modified hypothesis.AR26Did you not do this?AR27Good.AR28Put this near the relevant sectionAR29.Bibliography. Your list and formatting is sufficient for a B.SummaryRyan, you can improve your grade with the followingRemove plagiarism. Rewrite in your own words.Include more diagrams in the introduction.Explain what youre doing more thoroughly in the preliminary calculations.Re word your hypothesis more accurately.Finish your method.Add graphs to your results section.Analyse and discuss trends in your discussion/conclusion.Include a conclusion that links to the hypothesis.Plus anything else Ive disoriented up there.Without knowing how much youve cut and pasted from other sources its impossible to tell a grade, but Im estimating between a C and a D. Its possible to improve what you have here up to about a B.Godspeed.