McDonald’s vs Burger King: Which is Healthier Essay

The United States has the largest fast food industry in the world, and American fast food restaurants are in over 100 countries. That alone tells you that millions of consumers partake in fast food. By definition, fast food is food that can be prepared and served very quickly. A typical fast food meal in the United States includes a hamburger, French fries, and a soft drink. Out of all of the fast food restaurants in the United States, there are two companies that comes to mind that are the biggest chains in the country. Those two fast food chains are Burger King and McDonald’s. These two companies own more than half of the fast food market in the U. S. With that said, in the past couple of years there has been concern over the obesity rate in the United States. People believe that fast food is a factor because of how easy it is to get it and the price range of it. Because of the perceptions of fast food, every one is looking to the biggest fast food chains to set the example and make their menus healthier. McDonald’s and Burger King are the two fast food chains trying to convert their menu to provide healthier foods, each in their own way. Before looking at the menus of both fast food chains, one has to understand the history. What made them who they are today? How was it created? When did it go public? The first restaurant is McDonald’s. In 1937, Patrick McDonald opened â€Å"The Airdome†, which was a food stand in Monrovia, California. Hamburgers were ten cents and all you can drink. In 1940, his two sons, Maurice and Richard, brought the food stand from their father and moved the entire operation 40 miles and changed the name to â€Å"McDonald’s Bar-B-Q† and served 25 barbecued items on their menu. In October 1948, the brothers realized that most of their profits came from selling hamburgers so they closed down the establishment. On December 12, 1948, the restaurant’s name was once again changed to â€Å"McDonald’s† and went to a menu of hamburgers, cheeseburgers, French fries, shakes, soft drinks, and apple pie. After 5 years of growing popularity and success the brothers decided to start franchising the restaurant. One year later, Ray Kroc, who sold Multi-mixer milkshakes machines, learned that one of the McDonald’s restaurants were using eight of his machines and he decided to take a look for himself. After meeting with the McDonald brothers, Kroc thought that they could franchise the restaurants throughout the country. The brothers did not think the same way so Kroc decided to take it upon himself to do so. By 1959, Kroc had 102 successful restaurants in the United States and by 1961 Kroc brought the business rights from the McDonald brothers for about three million dollars. Like McDonald’s, Burger King also has a long and rich history. It was founded in 1953 in Jacksonville, Florida as Insta-Burger King. Inspired by the McDonald brother’s original store location in San Bernardino, California, the founders and owners, Keith J. Kramer and his wife’s uncle Matthew Burns, began searching for a concept to open a new restaurant around. After purchasing the rights to two pieces of equipment called â€Å"Insta† machines, the two opened their first stores around a cooking device known as the Insta-Broiler. The Insta-Broiler over proved to be so successful at cooking burgers; they required all of their franchises to carry the device. With their new success in the way they cooked burgers, the company had rapidly expanded throughout the state of Florida until its operations totaled more than 40 locations in 1955. By 1961, Insta-Burger King ran into financial difficulties and the pair of McLamore and Edgarton purchased the national rights to the chain. It was rechristened as Burger King of Miami. The company would eventually become the Burger King Corporation and began selling territorial franchise licenses to private owners across the United States by 1961. As I stated in the beginning of my essay, I wanted to compare the two menus between Burger King and McDonald’s. Even though both restaurants are into selling hamburgers, how they are cooked and presented separate these two companies tremendously. For McDonald’s, they have added other items to their menu since the original restaurants opened back in 1948. They added a breakfast menu back in 1972 in which they sold certain breakfast sandwiches such as the McMuffin, which came in certain amounts of variations. There are also types of biscuits and breakfast burritos. Additional breakfast items include hotcakes, several breakfast platters with eggs, hash browns, and meats or breads. As you know, for lunch, McDonald’s serves many sandwich options such as the Quarter Pounder, the McDouble, which is the double cheeseburger, and chicken sandwiches, which they call a McChicken. The trademark sandwich for McDonald’s is called a Big Mac. It was introduced nationwide in 1968. It consists of two 100 percent beef patties, American cheese, â€Å"special sauce†, which is based off a Thousand Island dressing, iceberg lettuce, pickles, onions, and served in a three-part sesame seed bun. Other items on the menu consist of Chicken McNuggets, Chicken Selects, which is the McDonald’s version of chicken strips, Filet-O-Fish, and a McRib, the McDonald’s Rib Sandwich. Burger King’s menu predominantly consisted of hamburgers, French fries, soft drinks, milkshakes, and desserts. In 1978, the company introduced the first iteration of its breakfast menu. The breakfast menu remained almost identical to the McDonald’s offerings until 1983 when Burger King introduced its Croissan’Wich, which comes in many variations like the McDonald’s counterpart, McMuffin sandwich. For the lunch menu, there is little difference between the Burger King and McDonald’s Menu. The counterpart of McDonald’s Chicken McNuggets is called the BK Chicken Tenders, which made its debut in 1985. For Burger King, they have two trademark sandwiches. The first one is the counterpart of the McChicken, which Burger King calls the BK Original Chicken Sandwich. It made its debut in 1978. The other sandwich is called the Whopper. Introduced in 1957, it is one of the best known sandwiches in the fast food industry. The Whopper consists of a flame grilled quarter-pound beef patty, sesame seed bun, mayonnaise, lettuce, tomato, pickles, ketchup, and sliced onion. Now we get to the meat of the conversation. Both companies have been trying to add healthier choices to their menu for years now. For example, McDonald’s had to battle its public image as a purveyor of fatty, unhealthy food. Consumers began filling lawsuits contending that years of eating at McDonald’s had made them overweight. So in 2003, McDonald’s introduced a low calorie menu of low-calorie items and they also switched to more healthful cooking oil for the French fries. Burger king is no different to the criticism of their food. Since the 1980s, several parties, including the Center for Science in the Public Interest, the British Heart Foundation and the City of New York argued that Burger King has contributed to obesity and unhealthy eating behaviors in Western nations by producing products that contain large amounts of salt, fat, trans-fat, and calories. With that said, it is common knowledge that neither McDonald’s nor Burger King is the healthiest option if you are trying to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Let’s examine at the major items that both of these fast food chains provide and see which one is healthier. Starting with the French fries, a medium order from Burger King will make the customer consume 400 calories, 20 grams of fat, 43 grams of carbohydrates and 5 grams of protein. The same amount for McDonald’s will provide 20 calories, 7 grams of fat, 19 grams of carbohydrates, and 3 grams of protein less than Burger King’s French fries. So apparently McDonald’s wins in French Fries, for cheeseburgers, McDonald’s are not only lower in calories versus Burger King at 300 to 360, but also in fat and carbohydrates as well. They are also significantly higher in protein. Now for the main event, the Big Mac versus the Whopper, both of these burgers are the most popular menu item for both of these respected fast food chains. Which one is healthier? The Big Mac contains 540 calories, 29 grams of fat, 45 grams of carbohydrates and 25 grams of protein. The Whopper, on the other hand, contains 670 calories, 39 grams of fat, 51 grams of carbohydrates, and 27 grams of protein. So in other words, the Big Mac is Healthier. After looking at the other items that Burger King and McDonald’s provides head to head, Burger King has the edge in terms of its chicken products. Now the big question is who has the healthiest menu? To be honest, it depends on the menu item you choose to buy from either one of these food chains. If you want a good burger that will not do that much damage to your diet then McDonald’s is the way to go. If you are looking to eat a Chicken Sandwich, it looks like the Burger King should change their name. In conclusion, when asking the question of which fast food chain is healthier it is safe to say that there is no clear-cut answer. Even through McDonald’s, when looking at the nutritional stats of each item compared to Burger King, wins in the Burger section. We as consumers have to realize that â€Å"fast food† is not healthy in the first place. These two fast food chains have rich and interesting histories that contributed to how and what they sell to their customers. Each menu has been tweaked in order to fulfill the needs of the consumer over the years. Every consumer prefer to have their own method of buying items, so the best advice I can give is to do your own research beforehand. It is also important to show that you should limit the amount of fast food you eat on a regular basis in order to maintain a healthy lifestyle.

Example of Argumentative Essay Essay

History shows reiteratively throughout the recorded times that the mark set for students will be predominately that which they aim for and mostly stop therein. If students are not shown any higher level of knowledge the students should at no time be expected to aim for that which they did not perceive. Students will indeed float to the mark you set. History has shown us many valuable illustrations; one of them would be the vast comparison between students during the Ottoman empire and students in the reign of the Spartan empire, the Spartans were taught that knowledge is crucial, if it helps you to fight, whilst the Ottomans were taught that knowledge was imperative if it was beneficial in any way. Because Spartan pupils were finite to knowledge that did not pertain to warfare, they were infinitesimally limited in any other area, and to no degree were able to match the heights of knowledge of the Ottoman student body, the mark for these learners had been set considerably inferior tha n that for the under-graduates of the Ottoman empire, and so the students attained the mark that was set and were prescribed no reason to surpass it. Therefore it is clear to recognize that the objective a teacher sets for their pupil is all that their pupil will ever feel the demand to accomplish. Students are comparable to a kayak in the sea trying to reach an island to anchor on, and the teacher is the equivalent of the current, the stronger they push to try to reach and help the students, the closer they get to the island. Because students are reliant on their instructors to provide them with an objective to grasp, the supervisors specified a mark, and the students float to the mark that was decided. Therefore the students need only fulfill that which their instructor has itemized for them, and that would be the mark that was stipulated. Since pupils will only feel the need to do what was required in distinction to them, they will inevitably isolate themselves to the mark that was set before them.

Results and discussion Essay

Before conducting this research, an investigator was choosing between different research frameworks. On the one hand, I strongly believe that learners’ community is a democratic and participatory complex social system of individuals. Each of them possesses unique experience and background. Nobody can be viewed as a bad student how ever his pace of learning and an array of skills differ from the ones of the co-student. These assumptions grounded on my professional experience place me as a researcher within an anti-positivist critical theory paradigm (Habermas, 1984; Adorno, Marcuse, Horkheimer and Fromm). The goal of any critical investigation is not just to search empirical (practical) social environment for variables and measurement patterns but to prepare the ground for improvements in regard to emancipation of the victimized, democratic equality and individual freedoms (Cohen et al. , 2000, p. 28). That is why a substantial part of research was dedicated to receiving feedbacks from students on the use of the hypermedia learning environment. Judging from the multistructural questionnaire administered to the learners in the end of the study week, the perceived effectiveness of the hypermedia learning environment in motivating and helping students to achieve the specified learning outcomes of improved reading and visual comprehension, science learning and ICT skills was found to be generally high by the students. Table 2 shows the questions asked, and the average of the responses on a scale of 1 to 5 where 1 is â€Å"very useful† and 5 is â€Å"useless. † On this scale, the average rating for questions relating to the understanding and identifying of facts, issues, problems and factors, was between 1. 34 to 1. 92 which is in the â€Å"very useful† to â€Å"useful† region. It is interesting to note that on another question that the hypermedia resources and both experiential and symbolic simulations added â€Å"active and dynamic dimensions to classroom learning processes,† the average was an overwhelming 1. 08 indicating that the students welcomed the new innovative learning environment. Table 3 shows how the hypermedia learning environment was perceived by the students as an instrument for learning on a 4-point scale, where 1 is â€Å"strongly disagree† and 4 is â€Å"strongly agree†. Upon the whole, students reported finding the hypermedia environment very useful in various ways. Based on the qualitative observations of students working with â€Å"Pompeii: The Last Day†, the researcher found out that those who investigated the theme in the hypermedia environment spent more time on studies than those who used exclusively textbooks and written handouts as well as listened to the teacher’s instructions. In the process of studies and after the evaluation, students were asked to comment freely on the new possibilities provided by the hypermedia resource, its effectiveness in supporting Science learning, and their attitudes to learning with/without the hypermedia. Some of the responses to the critical implications of hypermedia collaborative learning are presented in the following. The question asked was whether students would use the hypermedia resource such as this when studying other scientific topics. They were asked to specify their decision, either negative or positive. Among those who used the hypermedia learning environment, there were more positive responses (there was only one student unaffected by the hypermedia environment on the point of his poor eye-sight; his eyes were aching because of the glow of a monitor). Sample Comments A: Yes, because the hypermedia is an awesome chance to learn a new subject. It is more interesting and exciting than skimming books and trying to cram the dry facts into one’s poor head. The experiential simulation to design different types of volcanoes was perceived as a game in the beginning. However, by the end of the week I recognized that I do remember all kinds of volcanoes and their specific characteristics. I think, this happened due to the simulation which was not time consuming but was an important fun. B: Yes, all the definitions and concepts studied in the lectures were completely alien to me before taking this hypermedia class, I memorized the theories in a serious effort but the hypermedia learning resource showed how important and grasping they are. I feel that my knowledge has improved significantly. C: Previous to this experimental class I would have been skeptical about learning by the hypermedia and creative (instead of formal) assessment, but having participated in one myself I would encourage anyone to follow us in using this type of learning media. D: A hypermedia learning environment would make a subject like Science more luring by: a) being enjoyable; b) by making it necessary to apply everything one learns to get through, rather than get through a couple of questions on an examination. E: I thought this process/project was fantastic. It was certainly the most fun I’ve ever had doing an assignment. I found it a great way to get a handle on the quite complicated issues involved in the Pompeii situation, and very useful in seeing the theories we studied play out. In my opinion the volcano activity details are so interesting in relating to human life! It also led to getting to know and interact with a wider range of students within the subject, rather than the one or two people that you know in your tutorial group. I know some people have complained about the amount of time involved, but I personally thought it was not at all excessive (it was required to spend 90 minutes on researching the hypermedia site. However, almost all of us spent even more time on it without any problem). I also greatly enjoyed the chance to do something different from the interminable stream of research essays that the teachers ask for. Best class I’ve done! However, a researcher had to incorporate also some positivist viewpoint in regard to the necessity of evaluating the difference between the hypermedia and traditional learning in quantifiable terms. Results are shown in Figure 1 and Table 4. Figure 1 revels that students who were introduced to the hypermedia learning resource voluntary took additional research on the topic besides the required 90 minutes. The difference between time spent on studying the topic by those with hypermedia resources obligatory research and those without was subjected to a t-test which revealed a t value of t = 2. 2518 (df =38) suggesting significant difference between those with hypermedia obligatory learning and those with traditional mode of learning and instruction (p

Compare and contrast the portraiture of Klimt with the portraiture Essay

Compare and contrast the portraiture of Klimt with the portraiture Schiele - Essay Example When Klimt died back in February 6, 1918, Schiele was one of the candidates who can follow the footsteps of Klimt. With this in mind, Zwingenberger (2011, p. 60) revealed that Schiele has one time called himself as the â€Å"Silver Klimt† 6. In fact, during the early part of the 20th century, Schiele became a well-known Austrian expressionist and a figurative painter 7. Specifically the fall of the Hapsburgs Empire during the World War I has occurred back in 1918 8. In relation to the previous paintings of Klimt and Schiele, the main purpose of this study is to discuss the similarities and differences between a couple of portraits made by each of these two successful painters few years before the fall of the Hapsburgs Empire happened. To give the readers a better idea of what is to be discussed in this essay, the works of Klimt such as the The Three Ages of Woman, 1905 and Hope II,  1907–08 and Schiele’s Woman in Green Bonnet, 1914 and Green Stockings, 1914 wil l first be described in short details followed by making the comparison between the art works of Klimt and Schiele based on the title, subject-matter, aesthetics, medium, and social aspect. Klimt’s Work: â€Å"The Three Ages of Woman, 1905† Klimt’s work entitled â€Å"The Three Ages of Woman, 1905† was drawn and painted in a 178 x 198cm canvas using oil 9. Specifically the chosen subject in this particular portrait was all about the representation of a woman’s life in three (3) different stages which include childhood life, adulthood, and old age 10, 11, 12. It means that these stages in a woman’s life could range from being an infant to becoming a mother, and eventually an old lady. (See Image I – Klimt’s Work: The Three Ages of Woman, 1905 on page 4) Image I – Klimt’s Work: The Three Ages of Woman, 1905 Source: Strauss, 2013, p. 162; De Pascale, 2007, p. 98 Upon closely examining this particular portrait, the im ages of a nude baby girl and a couple of ladies in Klimt’s â€Å"The Three Ages of Woman, 1905† were drawn with a unique and colourful mixture of orange, yellow, and brownish abstract background 13. For instance, on the upper left side was an old lady followed by a fairly skinned young mother in the middle, and the young child on the middle right side of the portrait. In line with this, the creation of a unique abstract background gave more emphasis to the outline of the naked bodies of these three ladies 14, 15. On the left side of the portrait, Klimt has drawn the image of a deformed, â€Å"sagging† or â€Å"wrinkled† skin which represents the age of the old lady 16, 17, 18. Furthermore, the fact that Klimt has drawn the image of the old lady with her face bowing down strongly represents her feeling of negative emotions such as sorrow and repressed emotions 19. On the middle and right side of the portrait show the beautiful face of a young mother holdin g an innocent baby girl 20, 21. Klimt’s Work: Hope II,  1907–08 Klimt’s work entitled â€Å"Hope II,  1907–08† was drawn and painted in a 43-1/2 x 43-1/2 inches canvas using gold, platinum, and oil 22. In this portrait was a pregnant woman with her head bowed down and eyes closed. In the upper centre of the portrait shows a half-naked pregnant woman 23. Specifically the closing of the woman’s eyes in this particular portrait strongly suggest the idea that the lady has been devotedly praying or hoping for her own safety and her child’

Conservation Agriculture adoption in Paraguay Essay

Conservation Agriculture adoption in Paraguay - Essay Example The sustainable natural resource management project (PMRN) was introduced to the farmers to enhance the conservation of agriculture in Paraguay. The case study involves 17,000 farmers whose main reason was helping them improve on agriculture productivity using a number of strategies. Agriculture production in Paraguay was poor and had declined due to the policies that discouraged good agricultural production in the colonial periods. The management took an exercise whereby they analyzed characteristics of farmers in order to understand some of the factors that led to poor results of agricultural produce in Paraguay. One of the identified factors was that, a small rise in business caused by liberation together with market-oriented trade, resulted to degradation and loss of fertility in the lands. Competitive markets lead the farmers to increase their productivity as they previously used crude methods such as burning of land and deforestation to increase the land for production. As a re sult, soil erosion, decreased forest reserves and loss of organic matter to the soil result to water and soil erosion, low productivity of the land, high levels of carbon dioxide and water pollution from chemical and pesticide use led to a decline in productivity. The government of Paraguay had to adopt the non-tillage farming system, proven as a success in other countries such as Argentina and Brazil. The most relevant group depending on agriculture is the small holders in Paraguay representing 43 percent of the total amount of farmers (Knowler & Bradshaw 2007).

Time for Change Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Time for Change - Assignment Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that one of the superlative ways to alter the behavior of leaders is to evaluate it frequently with open, honest and unidentified opinion from co-workers. Doctors find this step problematic. They have been partied to be self-governing decision fabricators and to not question their or other doctors decision. To improve self-knowledge, they have to let go of this attitude and model a new receptiveness and candidness to effort. Devoid of such an attitude, they will have mammoth blind spots that inhibit them from seeing and replicating on their own conduct and will undergo substantial stress as they fail to comprehend how they add to the problem. According to the book, The New Leadership Challenges the  type of behavior being  emulated by nursing staff is  another  factor;  the  one  thing  ignored by  most  people is  the  ability  to make choices that  humans have.  In the light, therefore, the behavior being exemp lified should be in line with the nursing code of ethics, social and cultural morals (religion included), and an individual’s personal principles. It is possible for some employees to fail to learn or simply not to adhere to some rules because they are unethical, restraining in nature or they just do not have it in them to do well and follow rules.

Policy analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Policy analysis - Essay Example 1st Amendment The 1st amendment to the constitution of the United States was proposed on 25 September 1789 and was enacted on 15 December 1791. The 1st amendment guarantees the freedom of religion, speech and press and protects the citizens’ right to assemble and petition the government. Since its ratification, the 1st amendment has successfully sustained over a period of more than 200 years, without any major changes or alterations being affected to it. The 1st amendment has effectively played a crucial role in the history of America, both in the contemporary and earlier ages (Fleming 372). America being a nation founded by immigrants, the freedom of religion enshrined in the 1st amendment certified throughout that the great melting pot called America accommodated citizens with diverse ethnic and religious backgrounds, without being resorting to discrimination or state supported hatred or persecution. The right to expression and petition facilitated by the 1st amendment was t he statutory backing that enabled many luminaries and suppressed groups within the nation, to raise a voice for equal rights and opportunities (Fleming 372). For example, when Martin Luther King Jr. pursued the struggle for the civil rights of the African Americans, it was the rights protected by the 1st amendment that extended a legal relevance to his struggle. The right to assemble and petition led to the constitution of history changing groups like the National American Women Suffrage Association and it was the freedom of press that accounted for the attention and coverage extended to the sidetracked and suppressed sections of the society. The 1st amendment has been valuable to the society in the sense that whenever some individuals or groups felt the need to change government or discriminatory laws, the 1st amendment came to their rescue. 2nd Amendment The 2nd amendment was proposed on 25 September 1789 and got enacted on 15 December 1791. This amendment safeguards the constitut ional right to keep and bear arms. Owing to many reasons, the 2nd amendment has lost its relevance. Its goes without saying that the 2nd amendment was meaningful in the context of the times in which it was enacted (Barnett 238). During the days when this amendment was ratified, an organized and well trained militia was essential to safeguard the freedom of the state and the liberty of the people (Barnett 239)). So, to achieve the objectives necessitated by this strategic cause, the right to keep and bear arms was utterly essential. Secondly, the days in which the 2nd amendment was passed, America was still a quintessentially agrarian society and people do relied on hunting to sustain and survive. Hence, in those times, guns were a necessary household item that served many purposes in the daily life of the masses (Barnett 2239). However, the 21st century is a different lot, and hence the 2nd amendment has directly or indirectly been the cause of much violence and bloodshed. In modern America, with its organized law and order framework, guns positively have no practical relevance for the common citizenry. People do not need guns to sustain themselves or to carry on with their daily life. The spurt in urban violence and organized crime in recent days has in fact shattered the very

Primitivism and the development of novel artistic expression Assignment

Primitivism and the development of novel artistic expression - Assignment Example The essay "Primitivism and the development of novel artistic expression" discusses the art of Primitivism. Primitive here has reference too to an idea during the time of primitivism’s first flowering of a more pristine, less corrupted and closer to paradise kind of sensibility that was supposed to be reflected in the art of less advanced societies. There is an element too in a return to the primitive to the artist’s rebellion against the loss of a more carefree, less repressed sexuality, among other things, with the effect too that in the works of some of the artists, such as Gauguin, there was an intentional focus on female sexuality and nudity among the artists’ subjects. Other attributions to primitivism made in more contemporary definitions of the movement especially paint the movement in a positive light, more so during the 19th century, when the movement was identified with such attributions as regeneration, ancestors, and fertility. This, even as the movem ent itself came to refine its focus of interest to art from the Islands of the Pacific as well as Africa. Moreover, a more generalized emphasis on primitive societies among other social science disciplines in the 20th century generally gave the West more immediate access to those societies, sans the filtering mechanisms that the primitivism art movement first introduced. This latter more direct access by general Western society through the sciences to those primitive societies generally weakened the interest of the west on primitivism.

Business law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Business law - Assignment Example These financial crises led to privatization of banks in Iceland as well as the latter’s deregulation in the year 2000; following the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers and the collapse of AIG. According to this film, corruption violated a number of rules of law. An example of a rule of law that was violated by corruption is misrepresentation. Misrepresentation refers to untrue statement of law or fact that induces a representee to sign a contract (Adamson 130). Representation occurs when the statement is made on the course of signing the contract, but if the statement turns out to be false, misrepresentation occurs. The three types of misrepresentation include negligent misrepresentation, fraudulent misrepresentation, and innocent misrepresentation. The case of the financial service industry entering the contract with Iceland is classed under fraudulent misrepresentation. Some criteria must be satisfied in order to amount to an actionable misrepresentation; first, there must be existence of a false statement of law or facts rather than an estimate of a future event or an opinion. If the representer is in a position to know the facts, a statement of opinion may amount to actionable misrepresentation. Consequently, unless the representer did not intend to carry out the stated intent, a statement of a future intent cannot amount to an actionable misrepresentation. False statement of law and silence will not amount to actionable misrepresentation. After the verification of a false statement, it is vital for the representee to explain how the untrue statement induced/relied on him/her to enter a contract. Lack of awareness of the false statement by the representee can result to no reliance or inducement. Another element of misrepresentation is disclosure duty with an example of the case summary of Turner versus Green (1895). This element discourages the act of duty to disclose facts, which would affect the decisions of the other party, making him/her not to enter a

Evgeny Morozov Essay Example for Free

Evgeny Morozov Essay Evgeny Morozov’s article, ‘Technology’s Role in Revolution’, was very attention-grabbing. Evgeny argued that many revolutions throughout history do not transpire through internet and technology, but in effect, are shaped by cultural factors. His term, cyber-utopianism, suggests that online interaction between individuals is emancipatory, and that the internet favours the oppressed, rather than the oppressor. He makes evident, that this belief is nieve and stubborn because it refuses to recognize its consequences. Evgeny argues against the certain ideas of what he refers to as internet centrism, and cyber-utopianism, and indeed points out that there is a dark side to internet freedom. Within Evgeny’s article, there are many points he makes that definitely articulate cyber-utopianism, and its affect on many populations. Evgeny explains the role of internet in the middle- eastern revolutions. He suggests that, people in the middle-east often brag about documenting police brutality, but is not what they should be focusing on. He argues that they should focus on how new leaders will shape the new constitution, and how to deal with issues regarding previous regimes. Morozov believes that the middle-east can obtain successful democracy, but depending on how they can react, and work on existing problems. Evgeny implies that regimes would be a lot less hectic if it weren’t for the internet. He claims, if it the internet wasn’t around, they could have taken a different route in making decisions, could have been less violent, and decisions could have been made months earlier than they did. He explains how in Russia, kids were being so distracted by other websites that, for a short while, government had put up censorships so people would be less distracted. He believes that the most successful way of controlling the internet, â€Å"isn’t one that has the most sophisticated censorship, but one that doesn’t need a one at all.† In addition, Evgeny suggested that it is nieve to believe that something as complex and sophisticated as the internet, could create exactly the same outcomes. In conclusion, he creates an unpretentious approach of dealing with policy making; Cyber-realism. Cyber-realists are people that make the internet a method for achieving specific policy objectives, rather than,  people who only focus on the internet’s philosophical impact as a whole. Evgeny makes some remarkable points, and although I think he slightly dramatizes the negative impacts internet has on the utilitarian states, he still manages to convince me of his argument. For instance, I too, believe that internet is credited for some negative things such as: countries having lacked enlightenment in the topic of political decisions, being a distraction rather than a source of information, and finally, giving the government a disloyal reputation. 1 Evgeny suggests that certain countries do not have the ability to be notified of political suggestions online, because computers are not available to them. A relatable example he expresses is that, Fidel Castro has a twitter page, but people in Cuba, do not have computers, let alone twitter. In Italy, for example, only three hundred and sixty seven people have computers, out of one thousand people. That’s less than half of the population that would not be well informed. In addition, in places such as Russia, internet isn’t a system intended to gain information, but rather, a search engine utilized for personal enjoyment. Internet is often a way of keeping kids away from politics because they become far to distracted on other sites, such as RuTube, to focus on government issues. I agree this is a negative effect, because if kids are uninformed, their kids will be uninformed, and the pattern of using internet for personal use will take its toll on future generations. Other countries, such as North Korea and Belarus, lack the ability to be technologically caught up in society. Evgeny mentions, â€Å"I wouldn’t have much hope in the internet in North Korea. It’s a country with some of the fewest internet connections in the world, and average North Koreans have been brainwashed to such an extent that you have serious psychological challenges that you can’t overcome just by using blogs and twitter.† This expresses the internet as being an unfair advantage to certain countries that are not as technologically advanced. Additionally, internet is giving the government a bad reputati on for two different reasons. First off, Evgeny states that bloggers publishing about dishonesty in local governments, are easily co-opted by higher politicians, and are turned against what they were blogging about. In this case, bloggers are absolutely being shut down, in that the power of the government  is less on local authorities, but on the federal government. This demonstrates the government being disloyal to the people, and using a pessimistic way of controlling the local population, which in turn, can certainly lead to trust issues between the two. Secondly, the government will frequently reach out to citizens for their opinion, but it doesn’t necessarily mean that they are listening to what the citizens have to say. 2 Evgeny suggests that governments pretend to reach out to obtain citizens input, but in reality, it is only a way of making them seem legitimate. The problem with this is that it causes the government to lose power, in that, they can no longer be trusted by the people, therefore the people will slowly stop publicizing their input. Another topic he could have reached upon would be that, because internet is so traceable, some negative things that might have gone viral will always be traced back to you. When bloggers write anti-government information, they are giving out their location, and can easily be tracked by local policemen. Overall I think that Evgeny truly convinced me of his argument because he had some very valid ideas, and as he pointed out, there are plenty of reasons people blame internet for the negative effects it has on the revolution.

Fluids In Rigid Body Motion Engineering Essay

Fluids In Rigid Body Motion Engineering Essay 11-38C A moving body of fluid can be treated as a rigid body when there are no shear stresses (i.e., no motion between fluid layers relative to each other) in the fluid body. 11-39C A glass of water is considered. The water pressure at the bottom surface will be the same since the acceleration for all four cases is zero. 11-40C The pressure at the bottom surface is constant when the glass is stationary. For a glass moving on a horizontal plane with constant acceleration, water will collect at the back but the water depth will remain constant at the center. Therefore, the pressure at the midpoint will be the same for both glasses. But the bottom pressure will be low at the front relative to the stationary glass, and high at the back (again relative to the stationary glass). Note that the pressure in all cases is the hydrostatic pressure, which is directly proportional to the fluid height. 11-41C When a vertical cylindrical container partially filled with water is rotated about its axis and rigid body motion is established, the fluid level will drop at the center and rise towards the edges. Noting that hydrostatic pressure is proportional to fluid depth, the pressure at the mid point will drop and the pressure at the edges of the bottom surface will rise due to rotation. 11-42 A water tank is being towed by a truck on a level road, and the angle the free surface makes with the horizontal is measured. The acceleration of the truck is to be determined. ax  Ã‚ ± = 15 ° Water tank Assumptions 1 The road is horizontal so that acceleration has no vertical component (az = 0). 2 Effects of splashing, breaking, driving over bumps, and climbing hills are assumed to be secondary, and are not considered. 3 The acceleration remains constant. Analysis We take the x-axis to be the direction of motion, the z-axis to be the upward vertical direction. The tangent of the angle the free surface makes with the horizontal is Solving for ax and substituting, Discussion Note that the analysis is valid for any fluid with constant density since we used no information that pertains to fluid properties in the solution. 11-43 Two water tanks filled with water, one stationary and the other moving upwards at constant acceleration. The tank with the higher pressure at the bottom is to be determined. Tank A 8 m Water az = 5 m/s2 Tank B 2 m Water g z 0  · 2  · 1  · 2  · 1 Assumptions 1 The acceleration remains constant. 2 Water is an incompressible substance. Properties We take the density of water to be 1000 kg/m3. Analysis The pressure difference between two points 1 and 2 in an incompressible fluid is given by or since ax = 0. Taking point 2 at the free surface and point 1 at the tank bottom, we have and and thus Tank A: We have az = 0, and thus the pressure at the bottom is Tank B: We have az = +5 m/s2, and thus the pressure at the bottom is Therefore, tank A has a higher pressure at the bottom. Discussion We can also solve this problem quickly by examining the relation . Acceleration for tank B is about 1.5 times that of Tank A (14.81 vs 9.81 m/s2), but the fluid depth for tank A is 4 times that of tank B (8 m vs 2 m). Therefore, the tank with the larger acceleration-fluid height product (tank A in this case) will have a higher pressure at the bottom. 11-44 A water tank is being towed on an uphill road at constant acceleration. The angle the free surface of water makes with the horizontal is to be determined, and the solution is to be repeated for the downhill motion case. z x az ax  Ã‚ ¡ = 20 ° - Ã‚ ± Downhill motion Uphill motion z x ax Free surface az Water tank  Ã‚ ¡ = 20 °  Ã‚ ± Horizontal Assumptions 1 Effects of splashing, breaking, driving over bumps, and climbing hills are assumed to be secondary, and are not considered. 2 The acceleration remains constant. Analysis We take the x- and z-axes as shown in the figure. From geometrical considerations, the horizontal and vertical components of acceleration are The tangent of the angle the free surface makes with the horizontal is  ®  Ã‚ ± = 22.2 ° When the direction of motion is reversed, both ax and az are in negative x- and z-direction, respectively, and thus become negative quantities, Then the tangent of the angle the free surface makes with the horizontal becomes  ®  Ã‚ ± = 30.1 ° Discussion Note that the analysis is valid for any fluid with constant density, not just water, since we used no information that pertains to water in the solution. 11-45E A vertical cylindrical tank open to the atmosphere is rotated about the centerline. The angular velocity at which the bottom of the tank will first be exposed, and the maximum water height at this moment are to be determined.  Ã‚ · 2 ft z r 0 Assumptions 1 The increase in the rotational speed is very slow so that the liquid in the container always acts as a rigid body. 2 Water is an incompressible fluid. Analysis Taking the center of the bottom surface of the rotating vertical cylinder as the origin (r = 0, z = 0), the equation for the free surface of the liquid is given as where h0 = 1 ft is the original height of the liquid before rotation. Just before dry spot appear at the center of bottom surface, the height of the liquid at the center equals zero, and thus zs(0) = 0. Solving the equation above for  Ã‚ · and substituting, Noting that one complete revolution corresponds to 2 Ã‚ ° radians, the rotational speed of the container can also be expressed in terms of revolutions per minute (rpm) as Therefore, the rotational speed of this container should be limited to 108 rpm to avoid any dry spots at the bottom surface of the tank. The maximum vertical height of the liquid occurs a the edges of the tank (r = R = 1 ft), and it is Discussion Note that the analysis is valid for any liquid since the result is independent of density or any other fluid property. 11-46 A cylindrical tank is being transported on a level road at constant acceleration. The allowable water height to avoid spill of water during acceleration is to be determined D=40 cm ax = 4 m/s2  Ã‚ ± htank =60 cm  Ã¢â‚¬Å¾z Water tank Assumptions 1 The road is horizontal during acceleration so that acceleration has no vertical component (az = 0). 2 Effects of splashing, breaking, driving over bumps, and climbing hills are assumed to be secondary, and are not considered. 3 The acceleration remains constant. Analysis We take the x-axis to be the direction of motion, the z-axis to be the upward vertical direction, and the origin to be the midpoint of the tank bottom. The tangent of the angle the free surface makes with the horizontal is (and thus  Ã‚ ± = 22.2 °) The maximum vertical rise of the free surface occurs at the back of the tank, and the vertical midplane experiences no rise or drop during acceleration. Then the maximum vertical rise at the back of the tank relative to the midplane is Therefore, the maximum initial water height in the tank to avoid spilling is Discussion Note that the analysis is valid for any fluid with constant density, not just water, since we used no information that pertains to water in the solution. 11-47 A vertical cylindrical container partially filled with a liquid is rotated at constant speed. The drop in the liquid level at the center of the cylinder is to be determined. z r  Ã‚ · zs R = 20 cm Free surface ho = 60 cm g Assumptions 1 The increase in the rotational speed is very slow so that the liquid in the container always acts as a rigid body. 2 The bottom surface of the container remains covered with liquid during rotation (no dry spots). Analysis Taking the center of the bottom surface of the rotating vertical cylinder as the origin (r = 0, z = 0), the equation for the free surface of the liquid is given as where h0 = 0.6 m is the original height of the liquid before rotation, and Then the vertical height of the liquid at the center of the container where r = 0 becomes Therefore, the drop in the liquid level at the center of the cylinder is Discussion Note that the analysis is valid for any liquid since the result is independent of density or any other fluid property. Also, our assumption of no dry spots is validated since z0(0) is positive. 11-48 The motion of a fish tank in the cabin of an elevator is considered. The pressure at the bottom of the tank when the elevator is stationary, moving up with a specified acceleration, and moving down with a specified acceleration is to be determined. Fish Tank  · 2 az = 3 m/s2 h = 40 cm g z Water  · 1 0 Assumptions 1 The acceleration remains constant. 2 Water is an incompressible substance. Properties We take the density of water to be 1000 kg/m3. Analysis The pressure difference between two points 1 and 2 in an incompressible fluid is given by or since ax = 0. Taking point 2 at the free surface and point 1 at the tank bottom, we have and and thus (a) Tank stationary: We have az = 0, and thus the gage pressure at the tank bottom is (b) Tank moving up: We have az = +3 m/s2, and thus the gage pressure at the tank bottom is (c) Tank moving down: We have az = -3 m/s2, and thus the gage pressure at the tank bottom is Discussion Note that the pressure at the tank bottom while moving up in an elevator is almost twice that while moving down, and thus the tank is under much greater stress during upward acceleration. 11-49 vertical cylindrical milk tank is rotated at constant speed, and the pressure at the center of the bottom surface is measured. The pressure at the edge of the bottom surface is to be determined. z r  Ã‚ · zs R = 1.50 m Free surface g 0 ho Assumptions 1 The increase in the rotational speed is very slow so that the liquid in the container always acts as a rigid body. 2 Milk is an incompressible substance. Properties The density of the milk is given to be 1030 kg/m3. Analysis Taking the center of the bottom surface of the rotating vertical cylinder as the origin (r = 0, z = 0), the equation for the free surface of the liquid is given as where R = 1.5 m is the radius, and The fluid rise at the edge relative to the center of the tank is The pressure difference corresponding to this fluid height difference is Then the pressure at the edge of the bottom surface becomes Discussion Note that the pressure is 14% higher at the edge relative to the center of the tank, and there is a fluid level difference of nearly 2 m between the edge and center of the tank, and these large differences should be considered when designing rotating fluid tanks. 11-50 Milk is transported in a completely filled horizontal cylindrical tank accelerating at a specified rate. The maximum pressure difference in the tanker is to be determined. Æ’-EES ax = 3 m/s2  · 1 z x 0 g  · 2 Assumptions 1 The acceleration remains constant. 2 Milk is an incompressible substance. Properties The density of the milk is given to be 1020 kg/m3. Analysis We take the x- and z- axes as shown. The horizontal acceleration is in the negative x direction, and thus ax is negative. Also, there is no acceleration in the vertical direction, and thus az = 0. The pressure difference between two points 1 and 2 in an incompressible fluid in linear rigid body motion is given by  ® The first term is due to acceleration in the horizontal direction and the resulting compression effect towards the back of the tanker, while the second term is simply the hydrostatic pressure that increases with depth. Therefore, we reason that the lowest pressure in the tank will occur at point 1 (upper front corner), and the higher pressure at point 2 (the lower rear corner). Therefore, the maximum pressure difference in the tank is since x1 = 0, x2 = 7 m, z1 = 3 m, and z2 = 0. Discussion Note that the variation of pressure along a horizontal line is due to acceleration in the horizontal direction while the variation of pressure in the vertical direction is due to the effects of gravity and acceleration in the vertical direction (which is zero in this case). 11-51 Milk is transported in a completely filled horizontal cylindrical tank decelerating at a specified rate. The maximum pressure difference in the tanker is to be determined. Æ’-EES z x  · 2  · 1 g ax = 3 m/s2 Assumptions 1 The acceleration remains constant. 2 Milk is an incompressible substance. Properties The density of the milk is given to be 1020 kg/m3. Analysis We take the x- and z- axes as shown. The horizontal deceleration is in the x direction, and thus ax is positive. Also, there is no acceleration in the vertical direction, and thus az = 0. The pressure difference between two points 1 and 2 in an incompressible fluid in linear rigid body motion is given by  ® The first term is due to deceleration in the horizontal direction and the resulting compression effect towards the front of the tanker, while the second term is simply the hydrostatic pressure that increases with depth. Therefore, we reason that the lowest pressure in the tank will occur at point 1 (upper front corner), and the higher pressure at point 2 (the lower rear corner). Therefore, the maximum pressure difference in the tank is since x1 = 7 m, x2 = 0, z1 = 3 m, and z2 = 0. Discussion Note that the variation of pressure along a horizontal line is due to acceleration in the horizontal direction while the variation of pressure in the vertical direction is due to the effects of gravity and acceleration in the vertical direction (which is zero in this case). 11-52 A vertical U-tube partially filled with alcohol is rotated at a specified rate about one of its arms. The elevation difference between the fluid levels in the two arms is to be determined. z r 0 h0 = 20 cm R = 25 cm Assumptions 1 Alcohol is an incompressible fluid. Analysis Taking the base of the left arm of the U-tube as the origin (r = 0, z = 0), the equation for the free surface of the liquid is given as where h0 = 0.20 m is the original height of the liquid before rotation, and  Ã‚ · = 4.2 rad/s. The fluid rise at the right arm relative to the fluid level in the left arm (the center of rotation) is Discussion Note that the analysis is valid for any liquid since the result is independent of density or any other fluid property. 11-53 A vertical cylindrical tank is completely filled with gasoline, and the tank is rotated about its vertical axis at a specified rate. The pressures difference between the centers of the bottom and top surfaces, and the pressures difference between the center and the edge of the bottom surface are to be determined. Æ’-EES h = 3 m D = 1.20 m z r 0 Assumptions 1 The increase in the rotational speed is very slow so that the liquid in the container always acts as a rigid body. 2 Gasoline is an incompressible substance. Properties The density of the gasoline is given to be 740 kg/m3. Analysis The pressure difference between two points 1 and 2 in an incompressible fluid rotating in rigid body motion is given by where R = 0.60 m is the radius, and (a) Taking points 1 and 2 to be the centers of the bottom and top surfaces, respectively, we have and . Then, (b) Taking points 1 and 2 to be the center and edge of the bottom surface, respectively, we have , , and . Then, Discussion Note that the rotation of the tank does not affect the pressure difference along the axis of the tank. But the pressure difference between the edge and the center of the bottom surface (or any other horizontal plane) is due entirely to the rotation of the tank. 11-54 Problem 11-53 is reconsidered. The effect of rotational speed on the pressure difference between the center and the edge of the bottom surface of the cylinder as the rotational speed varies from 0 to 500 rpm in increments of 50 rpm is to be investigated. g=9.81 m/s2 rho=740 kg/m3 R=0.6 m h=3 m omega=2*pi*n_dot/60 rad/s DeltaP_axis=rho*g*h/1000 kPa DeltaP_bottom=rho*omega^2*R^2/2000 kPa Rotation rate , rpm Angular speed  Ã‚ ·, rad/s  Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Pcenter-edge kPa 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 0.0 5.2 10.5 15.7 20.9 26.2 31.4 36.7 41.9 47.1 52.4 0.0 3.7 14.6 32.9 58.4 91.3 131.5 178.9 233.7 295.8 365.2 11-55E A water tank partially filled with water is being towed by a truck on a level road. The maximum acceleration (or deceleration) of the truck to avoid spilling is to be determined. ax  Ã¢â‚¬Å¾h = 2 ft  Ã‚ ± Water tank hw = 6 ft z x 0 L=20 ft Assumptions 1 The road is horizontal so that acceleration has no vertical component (az = 0). 2 Effects of splashing, breaking, driving over bumps, and climbing hills are assumed to be secondary, and are not considered. 3 The acceleration remains constant. Analysis We take the x-axis to be the direction of motion, the z-axis to be the upward vertical direction. The shape of the free surface just before spilling is shown in figure. The tangent of the angle the free surface makes with the horizontal is given by  ® where az = 0 and, from geometric considerations, tan Ã‚ ± is Substituting, The solution can be repeated for deceleration by replacing ax by ax. We obtain ax = -6.44 m/s2. Discussion Note that the analysis is valid for any fluid with constant density since we used no information that pertains to fluid properties in the solution. 11-56E A water tank partially filled with water is being towed by a truck on a level road. The maximum acceleration (or deceleration) of the truck to avoid spilling is to be determined. ax  Ã¢â‚¬Å¾h = 0.5 ft  Ã‚ ± Water tank hw = 3 ft z x 0 L= 8 ft Assumptions 1 The road is horizontal so that deceleration has no vertical component (az = 0). 2 Effects of splashing and driving over bumps are assumed to be secondary, and are not considered. 3 The deceleration remains constant. Analysis We take the x-axis to be the direction of motion, the z-axis to be the upward vertical direction. The shape of the free surface just before spilling is shown in figure. The tangent of the angle the free surface makes with the horizontal is given by  ® where az = 0 and, from geometric considerations, tan Ã‚ ± is Substituting, Discussion Note that the analysis is valid for any fluid with constant density since we used no information that pertains to fluid properties in the solution. 11-57 Water is transported in a completely filled horizontal cylindrical tanker accelerating at a specified rate. The pressure difference between the front and back ends of the tank along a horizontal line when the truck accelerates and decelerates at specified rates. Æ’-EES ax = 3 m/s2 z x 0 1  · 2 g  · Assumptions 1 The acceleration remains constant. 2 Water is an incompressible substance. Properties We take the density of the water to be 1000 kg/m3. Analysis (a) We take the x- and z- axes as shown. The horizontal acceleration is in the negative x direction, and thus ax is negative. Also, there is no acceleration in the vertical direction, and thus az = 0. The pressure difference between two points 1 and 2 in an incompressible fluid in linear rigid body motion is given by  ® since z2 z1 = 0 along a horizontal line. Therefore, the pressure difference between the front and back of the tank is due to acceleration in the horizontal direction and the resulting compression effect towards the back of the tank. Then the pressure difference along a horizontal line becomes since x1 = 0 and x2 = 7 m. (b) The pressure difference during deceleration is determined the way, but ax = 4 m/s2 in this case, Discussion Note that the pressure is higher at the back end of the tank during acceleration, but at the front end during deceleration (during breaking, for example) as expected. Review Problems 11-58 The density of a wood log is to be measured by tying lead weights to it until both the log and the weights are completely submerged, and then weighing them separately in air. The average density of a given log is to be determined by this approach. Properties The density of lead weights is given to be 11,300 kg/m3. We take the density of water to be 1000 kg/m3. Analysis The weight of a body is equal to the buoyant force when the body is floating in a fluid while being completely submerged in it (a consequence of vertical force balance from static equilibrium). In this case the average density of the body must be equal to the density of the fluid since Lead, 34 kg Log, 1540 N FB Water Therefore, where Substituting, the volume and density of the log are determined to be Discussion Note that the log must be completely submerged for this analysis to be valid. Ideally, the lead weights must also be completely submerged, but this is not very critical because of the small volume of the lead weights. 11-59 A rectangular gate that leans against the floor with an angle of 45 ° with the horizontal is to be opened from its lower edge by applying a normal force at its center. The minimum force F required to open the water gate is to be determined. Assumptions 1 The atmospheric pressure acts on both sides of the gate, and thus it can be ignored in calculations for convenience. 2 Friction at the hinge is negligible. Properties We take the density of water to be 1000 kg/m3 throughout. Analysis The length of the gate and the distance of the upper edge of the gate (point B) from the free surface in the plane of the gate are FR F 45 ° B 0.5 m 3 m A The average pressure on a surface is the pressure at the centroid (midpoint) of the surface, and multiplying it by the plate area gives the resultant hydrostatic on the surface, The distance of the pressure center from the free surface of water along the plane of the gate is The distance of the pressure center from the hinge at point B is Taking the moment about point B and setting it equal to zero gives Solving for F and substituting, the required force is determined to be Discussion The applied force is inversely proportional to the distance of the point of application from the hinge, and the required force can be reduced by applying the force at a lower point on the gate. 11-60 A rectangular gate that leans against the floor with an angle of 45 ° with the horizontal is to be opened from its lower edge by applying a normal force at its center. The minimum force F required to open the water gate is to be determined. Assumptions 1 The atmospheric pressure acts on both sides of the gate, and thus it can be ignored in calculations for convenience. 2 Friction at the hinge is negligible. Properties We take the density of water to be 1000 kg/m3 throughout. FR F 45 ° B 1.2 m 3 m AAnalysis The length of the gate and the distance of the upper edge of the gate (point B) from the free surface in the plane of the gate are The average pressure on a surface is the pressure at the centroid (midpoint) of the surface, and multiplying it by the plate area gives the resultant hydrostatic on the surface, The distance of the pressure center from the free surface of water along the plane of the gate is The distance of the pressure center from the hinge at point B is Taking the moment about point B and setting it equal to zero gives Solving for F and substituting, the required force is determined to be Discussion The applied force is inversely proportional to the distance of the point of application from the hinge, and the required force can be reduced by applying the force at a lower point on the gate. 11-61 A rectangular gate hinged about a horizontal axis along its upper edge is restrained by a fixed ridge at point B. The force exerted to the plate by the ridge is to be determined. Assumptions The atmospheric pressure acts on both sides of the gate, and thus it can be ignored in calculations for convenience. FR 3 m A 2 m ypProperties We take the density of water to be 1000 kg/m3 throughout. Analysis The average pressure on a surface is the pressure at the centroid (midpoint) of the surface, and multiplying it by the plate area gives the resultant hydrostatic force on the gate, The vertical distance of the pressure center from the free surface of water is 11-62 A rectangular gate hinged about a horizontal axis along its upper edge is restrained by a fixed ridge at point B. The force exerted to the plate by the ridge is to be determined. Assumptions The atmospheric pressure acts on both sides of the gate, and thus it can be ignored in calculations for convenience. FR 3 m yP h = 2 m A Properties We take the density of water to be 1000 kg/m3 throughout. Analysis The average pressure on a surface is the pressure at the centroid (midpoint) of the surface, and multiplying it by the wetted plate area gives the resultant hydrostatic force on the gate, The vertical distance of the pressure center from the free surface of water is 11-63E A semicircular tunnel is to be built under a lake. The total hydrostatic force acting on the roof of the tunnel is to be determined. Assumptions The atmospheric pressure acts on both sides of the tunnel, and thus it can be ignored in calculations for convenience. Properties We take the density of water to be 62.4 lbm/ft3 throughout. Analysis We consider the free body diagram of the liquid block enclosed by the circular surface of the tunnel and its vertical (on both sides) and horizontal projections. The hydrostatic forces acting on the vertical and horizontal plane surfaces as well as the weight of the liquid block are determined as follows: Horizontal force on vertical surface (each side): Fy W Fx Fx Vertical force on horizontal surface (downward): R = 15 ft Weight of fluid block on each side within the control volume (downward): Therefore, the net downward vertical force is This is also the net force acting on the tunnel since the horizontal forces acting on the right and left side of the tunnel cancel each other since they are equal ad opposite. 11-64 A hemispherical dome on a level surface filled with water is to be lifted by attaching a long tube to the top and filling it with water. The required height of water in the tube to lift the dome is to be determined. Assumptions 1 The atmospheric pressure acts on both sides of the dome, and thus it can be ignored in calculations for convenience. 2 The weight of the tube and the water in it is negligible. Properties We take the density of water to be 1000 kg/m3 throughout. Analysis We take the dome and the water in it as the system.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ When the dome is about to rise, the reaction force between the dome and the ground becomes zero. Then the free body diagram of this system involves the weights of the dome and the water, balanced by the hydrostatic pressure force from below. Setting these forces equal to each other gives FV R = 3 m h W Solving for h gives Substituting, Therefore, this dome can be lifted by attaching a tube which is 2.02 m long. Discussion This problem can also be solved without finding FR by finding the lines of action of the horizontal hydrostatic force and the weight. 11-65 The water in a reservoir is restrained by a triangular wall. The total force (hydrostatic + atmospheric) acting on the inner surface of the wall and the horizontal component of this force are to be determined. FR h = 25 m ypAssumptions 1 The atmospheric pressure acts on both sides of the gate, and thus it can be ignored in calculations for convenience. 2 Friction at the hinge is negligible. Properties We take the density of water to be 1000 kg/m3 throughout. Analysis The length of the wall surface underwater is The average pressure on a surface is the pressure at the centroid (midpoint) of the surface, and multiplying it by the plate area gives the resultant hydrostatic force on the surface, Noting that the distance of the pressure center from the free surface of water along the wall surface is The magnitude of the horizontal component of the hydrostatic force is simply FRsin  Ã‚ ±, Discussion The atmospheric pressure is usually ignored in the analysis for convenience since it acts on both sides of the walls. 11-66 A U-tube that contains water in right arm and another liquid in the left is rotated about an axis closer to the left arm. For a known rotation rate at which the liquid levels in both arms are the same, the density of the fluid in the left arm is to be determined. 1*  ·  · 1 Fluid Water

Human Resource Planning in a Healthcare Organisation

Human Resource Planning in a Healthcare Organisation Analyse the business factors that underpin human resource planning in a healthcare organization Human resource planning refers to the series of steps or actions in analysing and identifying the need for human resources or employees of the organization to meet the company’s goals and objectives. It aims to provide for the future staffing needs of the company and to make certain the use of employees to the greatest degree. Having an efficient and effective human resource planning will result in organization’s stability and sustainability. There are several business factors that underpin human resource planning. These factors dictate the need to plan human resources by considering the influence of the internal and external factors. Some of these business factors include business growth, decline, change, and competition; impact of technology and labour market competition and employee development. Business growth Business growth is the process of improving some measure of an enterprise’s success. Business growth can be achieved either by boosting the top line or revenue of the business with greater product sales or service income, or by increasing the bottom line or profitability of the operation by minimizing costs. Business growth also means expansion in business that causes increased spending and increased business opportunities. As the company expands, so do their HR operations to meet the complex needs of a growing workforce. The HR manager should consider factors such as hiring new employees or training existing employees to meet the demands of its increasing clients. With this, HR management needs to prioritise the departments or units where more staff are needed, do a job analysis, and draw job specifications that will help them in recruiting the right person on the job. Business decline Business decline refers also to a downturn in an organization which is characterized by decreased in profits or clients. When this happens, management compensate by trying to reduce cost which may include cessation in hiring or reducing work hours of the employee. During this stage, planning and implementing workforce reductions and reallocations is also possible. Business change Organization change occurs when business strategies or major sections of an organization are altered. It can create the need for the HR department to focus on staffing issues such as hiring and terminating employees, training of staffs, or changing job specifications which may result from a change in job functions. Business change can also create confusion, resulting the need for HR management to enhance communication by conducting group meetings to keep employees informed about what to expect during the change process. Competition Every businesses face competition so human resource planning will need to ensure that the company stays ahead of other competitors. This forces the management to expand and hire more staff in order to withstand competition and remain competitive in a particular field. Impact of technology The impact of technology innovations has shaped human resource management. Softwares used in HR management is useful in managing and maintaining employee information such as payroll, benefits, hours worked, performance appraisals, and training and development participations. These applications can help the management to be more productive, effective, and error-free. Technology advancements may also increase or decrease the demand for employees in certain industries or profession. For example, human resource management may plan to hire staff who are knowledgeable in computers or they may also reduce staff because what can be done usually by two persons can now be done by one with the help of technology. Furthermore, technology can assist HR in the recruitment process through online recruitment, video interviews, and social media. Labour market competition As the organization plans its future workforce needs, so do other organizations in the same field or industry. This then will result to labour market competition. It is imperative for HR management to do human resource plans such as taking aggressive actions in recruitment or giving incentives to attract more qualified and talented applicants. Having the right people with the right knowledge and skills in the appropriate positions is very important and the lack of it will result to dissatisfaction from clients that may cripple the organization. Employee development As the business continues to evolve, it requires a skilled and knowledgeable workforce composing of employees and staffs who are flexible, motivated, and focused. It is one of the main responsibilities of the HR manager to develop the staff through encouragement, coaching, and conducting training and development activities that match the employee’s career objectives and goals. Analyse the human resource requirements and factors that underpin human resource planning in a healthcare organization. Identifying internal personnel requirements Human resource planning identify the workforce required to perform organizational activities. First, HR managers do assessment which includes job analysis and inventory of the workers and skills available within the organization. Then they need to determine the future needs for human resource in terms of quantity and quality. Then HR department needs to do a matching process to bring demand and supply in an equilibrium so that shortages and over staffing position will be solved. In case of shortages, HR department needs to train staff within the organization or hire new ones. On the other hand, in case of over staffing HR management may also need to reduce the level of existing employment. Internal and external factors in matching personnel to organisational requirements Human resource planning in healthcare organizations involves looking at the current workforce skills and motivation strategy and comparing them with what is needed in the future. To do this the organization has to consider both the internal and external factors in matching personnel to organisational requirements. Internal factors includes skills requirements and workforce profiles. Skills requirements means assessing the skills of the existing staff or employees to build up a profile of the training, experience and qualifications that employees have. Workforce profiles means that the manager observes and monitors the types of employee working for the organization. These observations include details such as age, gender, ethnicity and availability. External factors includes supply of labour. Supply of labour refers to the number of workers willing and able to work in a particular job. The supply of labour is dependent on in unemployment and the type of skills that are needed by employ ers. Government policies Policies of the government like labour policy, industrial policy, and policy towards reserving certain jobs for different communities affect HR planning. The organization needs to comply with these legislations or policies to avoid penalties or possibly closure of the healthcare facilities. HR department should plan to avoid this dilemma by ensuring the compliance of the organizations. Labour market competition As the aging population or healthcare facilities increases in different countries, there is a high demand for healthcare workers. This causes shortages in the skilled profession such as nurses and doctors which then resulted in tight labour market competition. HR department needs to devise a creative recruitment strategy to attract and retain qualified healthcare professionals. One effective recruiting strategy lies on how the healthcare employer profiles itself on job postings. Hospitals or healthcare facilities known for their quality healthcare services and advancements appeal to most applicants. Another strategy is giving out incentives or sign-in bonuses to qualified applicants. References: What is business growth? definition and meaning. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/business-growth.html What is organization change? definition and meaning. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/organization-change.html The impact of human resource technology in a changing workforce environment. Cleveland Human Resources | Examiner.com. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.examiner.com/article/the-impact-of-human-resource-technology-a-changing-workforce-environment

Evolutionary Ethics and Biologically Supportable Morality :: Philosophy Essays

Evolutionary Ethics and Biologically Supportable Morality ABSTRACT: Consider the paradox of altruism: the existence of truly altruistic behaviors is difficult to reconcile with evolutionary theory if natural selection operates only on individuals, since in that case individuals should be unwilling to sacrifice their own fitness for the sake of others. Evolutionists have frequently turned to the hypothesis of group selection to explain the existence of altruism; but group selection cannot explain the evolution of morality, since morality is a one-group phenomenon and group selection is a many-group phenomenon. After spelling out just what the problem is, this paper discusses several ways of solving it. Introduction The term ‘evolutionary ethics’ denotes an approach to naturalistic moral philosophy which seeks to explain how moral traits and behavior evolved. Sophisticated versions of evolutionary ethics do not argue that the moral judgments of each and every individual can be predicted given only the tenets of evolutionary theory. Rather the aim is usually to show that human beings possess moral traits because such traits confer a selective advantage. The motivation for this kind of view lies in a broader naturalism: if moral philosophy is to be founded on a naturalistic understanding of human beings and their place in the world, and if evolutionary theory gives us the best (kind of) account of the natural history of human beings, then moral philosophy will need to be brought in line with (some version of) evolutionary theory. Shaping moral theory so that it is possible to explain the selective advantage of moral traits and behavior is thus the vocation of evolutionary ethics. One of the intriguing problems confronting evolutionary ethics is to solve the apparent paradox of altruism. According to evolutionary theory, natural selection entails that in general only the fittest individuals in any given biological population will survive and reproduce. An organism’s evolutionary telos, or goal, seems to be to promote its own fitness in order to survive long enough to reproduce. In situations where an organism confronts a choice between enhancing its own fitness and enhancing the fitness of others, it would seem to follow that the organism will (or "ought to," or should be expected to) choose to enhance its own fitness. (1) The paradox arises because empirical facts seem to contradict this prediction of evolutionary theory. In a wide range of cases, and among organisms of differing levels of sentience and sapience, individual organisms frequently behave in ways that promote the fitness of some group (especially but not always a kin group) at the expense of their own individual fitness.

Irish Political History and Structure Essay -- essays research papers

The modern political history of Ireland can be separated into two time periods. The first period is it’s time spent under British rule as only one territory of the United Kingdom. The second period, which represents the beginning of the modern Irish state, took place during the early twentieth century. The road to national sovereignty was neither easy nor short as Britain was far from eager to let its dependent state go. The first organized movement towards independence occurred in 1916 when revolutionaries declared Ireland to be free from British rule on Easter of that year. Despite the ultimate failure of this initial push towards freedom Britain eventually granted the southern 26, of 38, counties dominion status in 1921. Further steps were taken in 1937 when Ireland drafted its constitution and was granted full sovereignty. The final phase in southern Ireland’s independence came in 1949 when its status as a British commonwealth ended and the nation was declared a re public. However, even after disassociating itself from the United Kingdom the southern counties of Ireland wouldn’t be completely satisfied as long as the remaining 6 counties that comprised Northern Ireland were still a part of Britain’s empire. The predominantly protestant northern counties of Ireland have been a barrier to peace in the region from the first days of the Republic up to today. These counties are considered as a separate state but can also be considered as the same nation. This topic will be explored in more depth after the explanations of both the current Irish state as well as what can be considered the Irish nation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The state of Ireland encompasses 26 of the islands 32 counties and occupies all but the northeastern quarter of the island. The national government is a Republican Democracy and consists of a duel executive, a bicameral legislature and a judicial branch. The Executive branch is split into two parts and is considered to follow a variation of the Duel Executive model. The head of state in the executive branch is the president, or Uachtaran, who is directly elected by the citizens and serves a seven year term. The Executive power of the state is exercised by the cabinet, which is led by the Prime Minister. Ireland’s executive system can be considered to be a variation of the duel executive method due to the fact that the head of state ... ..., despite pledges from both governments to work towards peace, negotiations have still been rocky at best.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On the subject of foreign affairs Ireland has traditionally stuck to a position of non-involvement and has remained neutral in the conflicts of the twentieth century. Despite Ireland’s inactivity in military affairs the nation has been considered quite active as a member of the UN since its induction in 1955. Ireland is currently very active in the Security Council and is a proponent in the process of disarmament as well as other areas of International policy. Also, there are currently some 515 Irish personnel serving on 9 UN missions. Ireland's most significent and longest standing contribution to UN peacekeeping was to the UNIFIL force in Lebanon, to which Ireland provided troops since its inception in 1978 until late 2001. Ireland is also a member of the European Union and has been since 1973. In fact this year it is Irelands turn to act as president of the EU. Participation in international groups has increased over the decades but the activities of the IRA continue to put a strain on foreign relations, especially those with Great Britain.

BURNING QUESTION THE GLOBAL WARMING

Make you hold that planetary warming emanation in USA and China can be reduced?â€Å"Global heating is excessively serious for the universe any longer to disregard its danger or split into opposing cabals on it.†TONY BLAIR, address, Sept. 27, 2005. Decidedly in the past decennaries planetary warming emanation has been increasing bit by bit in all over the universe. Worlds are playing an of import function in accepting the effects and duties of their action behind the issue of planetary warming emanation ; in fact we do n't hold any other beginning to set the incrimination on. We are seting our kids are in menace by coercing them to inhale toxic gases into their lungs in the hereafter, people should work to turn up a solution for this job. In order to decrease the planetary heating emanation many organisations are taking action to promote citizens, authoritiess, corporations, and politicians take the stairss necessary to haltplanetarywarming. A protocol was made in Japan on 11 December 1997 called by Kyoto Protocol which is a protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The major property of the Kyoto Protocol is that it sets adhering marks for 37 industrialised states and the European community for cut downing nursery gas emanations.These sum to an norm of five per cent against 1990 degrees over the five-year period 2008-2012.The protocol is non merely promoting these states to stabilise the emanation but commits them to make so. ( www.ec.europa.eu ) We are cognizant of these series accomplishment that had been made but humanity still persevere to happen a convincing reply for the inquiry, which is, can planetary warming emanation in USA and China be reduced? If we come across the concern as human beings we can be able to happen a solution for the emanation worldwide merely if we worked together as one state and convey to an terminal the actions the human doing it, all for the interest of us and to see a cleansing agent and brighter hereafter for our kids. This research will exemplify convincing indicant of ways to cut down the emanation of planetary heating. The study findings are restricted to both United State of America and The Republic of China. Entirely because both states are rated on the highest beginnings of planetary warming emanation. There many factors and beginnings behind the increasing of emanation in both USA and China, chiefly the factors are semisynthetic, ensuing from human activities and impacting negatively in our planet. A few beginnings are of course caused, but merely the incrimination can belong to us as homo. Carbon dioxide and other air pollution that is gathered in the ambiance, pin downing the Sun ‘s heat and doing the planet to warm up. Coal firing power workss are the major U.S. beginning of C dioxide pollution ; they produce 2.5 billion dozenss every twelvemonth. Cars are following major beginning, bring forthing about 1.5 billion dozenss of CO2 annually. Local temperatures rise and autumn of course, over the past 50 old ages the typical planetary temperature has increased at the fastest rate. And specializers think the motion is speed uping. The 10 hottest old ages on record have all taken topographic point since 1990. Scientists say that unless we cut down planetary heating emanations, mean U.S. temperatures could be 3 to 9 grades higher by the terminal of the century. Global heating is already doing injury in several parts of the United States. In 2002, Colorado, Arizona and Oregon suffered their most atrocious wildfire seasons of all time. In the same twelvemonth, drouth created dust storms in Montana, Colorado and Kansas, and inundations caused 100s of 1000000s of dollars in harm in Texas, Montana and North Dakota. Since the early 1950s, snow assemblage has decreased by 60 per centum and winter seasons have shortened in several countries of the Cascade Range in Oregon and Washington. ( www.earthjustice.org, www.climatehotmap.org ) China is counted as the one of the top states in emanation of toxic gases. In 2008, China became the universe ‘s largest emitter of nursery gases, in front of long clip leader the United States. China is confronting a series threaten and catastrophe caused by the big sum of C dioxide been emitted to the ambiance, the menaces may impact the imbibing H2O system, more hurricanes and twister, a side to longer dry seasons which may straight impact the agriculture industry. ( www.news.mongabay.com ) There have been many ideas declaring that the emanation is acquiring out of control and no 1 is able to take back control of it. As the figure of autos, planes, trains, ships, and mills increases bit by bit will take to an addition in the emanation of toxicant gases to the ambiance. Many will state it is non possible to command our planet no more. We can answer by stating there are many stairss should be taken in order to keep a lower emanation rate. Car shapers are bring forthing new type of autos called â€Å"Hybrid cars† these auto will utilize a clean beginning of energy such as solar energy or electrical energy which will non breathe toxic exhausts to the ambiance. All these clean beginnings can be used into other transit vehicles other than autos merely. hypertext transfer protocol: //ec.europa.eu/environment/climat/kyoto.htm The Greening of Global Warming Book by Robert Mendelsohn ; American Enterprise Institute, 1999 hypertext transfer protocol: //news.mongabay.com/2009/0817-hance_china_climate.html hypertext transfer protocol: //www.carnegieendowment.org/topic/index.cfm? fa=viewTopic & A ; topic=3000145 & A ; gclid=CO6iqsPYxJwCFSn6agodUEelmA hypertext transfer protocol: //www.earthjustice.org/library/background/climate_change_additional_links.html hypertext transfer protocol: //www.climatehotmap.org/namerica.html

Holocaust: Germany Adolf

The Holocaust was a devastating time in history that took many lives and changed a lot of people’s outlooks on life itself. The Holocaust started on January 30, 1933, when Adolf Hitler became chancellor of Germany, and it ended on May 8, 1945 when the  war in Europe ended. During the Holocaust approximately 5,860,000 Jews lost their lives, which include children also. Many Jewish communities suffered significant losses during the Holocaust. Also, it is estimated that the Nazis established approximately 15,000 camps in their occupied territories.The Holocaust was a time period of death and racism; it involved the power and the powerless. Families, friends, and communities were separated and killed; some Jews made it but many died. This huge epidemic involved the mass murder of children, adults, and even the elderly. Due to the levels of power and strength, the Nazis easily took over and the Holocaust began (Rosenberg). Adolf Hitler, the cruel man whom started the Holocaust, d id not always have power. Surprisingly, Adolf Hitler grew up in a poor family, and had a horrible relationship with his father.Alois Hitler, Adolf’s father, wanted Adolf to become a civil servant for the Austrian Empire as he did, but Adolf wanted to study art and become an artist. However, after Alois died, Adolf pursued his dream with his mother’s support and studied art. Adolf’s goal was to enter the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts, but after applying he had been refused. Vienna Academy of Fine Arts stated that Adolf’s work was of unsatisfactory and did not meet their standards. Vienna, filled with 200,000 Jews alone, describes the race of people who kept Adolf Hitler from pursuing his lifelong dream of becoming an artist.With this being sated, Hitler soon grew anger towards the race of Jews. In 1914 World I Began and Adolf enlisted in the German Army, after serving four years and making his way back to Munich, Germany Adolf got a job as a political traini ng official. Here Adolf met the general in command of Bavaria, whom was one of the most important figures of the Nazi. Gaining power, Adolf quit his job in the army and devoted his life to the party of the Nazi’s. Becoming dictator, Adolf got to feel the power that he always wanted to feel, aiming towards the race who stole his dream; the Jews were now his target.Hitler had the Nazi party behind him and eventually had thousands of soldiers to help him invade the many countries that housed many Jews. Adolf Hitler, once poor, finally gained the power he envied, and will later use this power in a very negative way (Tynan). Jews, just like everyone else, lived in a society, had a family, had a job, and lived a life. After Adolf Hitler became chancellor of Germany, he began to take over many things including the Jewish race. The hostility towards Jews increased in Germany.This was reflected by many shops and restaurants to not serve the Jewish population. Placards saying â€Å"Je ws not admitted† and â€Å"Jews enter this place at their own risk† began to appear all over Germany. In some parts of the country Jews were banned from public parks, swimming-pools and even public transport. Germans were also encouraged to not use Jewish doctors or lawyers. Taking over and sending many Jews to the concentration camps, Adolf Hitler managed to kill many millions of Jews. The Jews that lives in these concentration camps lived in conditions that were not even suitable for animals.Almost killing the whole race of Jews, Adolf Hitler was satisfied. Many disturbing events happened; Jews were worked to death, brutally tortured, and burned to death. Adolf Hitler’s anger towards the Jews showed in this horrible time period. Jews, just like everyone else, had an important life to live; however, Adolf Hitler did not see the importance of life in the race of the Jews (Wilson). Children, innocent and trusting, were very vulnerable during the Holocaust. The Naz is advocated on killing the children of the unwanted. The Germans killed more than 1. million children. Many children died of starvation and lack of adequate shelter. German authorities generally selected children along with the elderly, ill, and disabled, for the first deportations to killing centers, or as the first victims led to mass graves to be shot (â€Å"Holocaust Museum†). In today’s society children are mostly protected from any harm or danger, but unfortunately the children of the Holocaust were murdered and vulnerable at all times. Think of your childhood, have you ever got lost in a store and separated from your parents?During that time of separation, children become scared and overwhelmed. Furthermore, during the Holocaust many children were separated from their parents, the innocent children who had no idea of what was happening and who did not do anything to deserve to be brutally treated, had to deal with this stress that even an adult could not comple tely handle. The lives of these children were taken without that child not even getting the chance to experience what life really was. Selfishly, the Nazis did not want these children to live because f the ethnicity, but what they did not understand is, these helpless children did not chose to be born Jewish; they did not have the power to fight back or to defend themselves. Children were killed in the Holocaust due to the generations of their past family members, they did not have the choice to live or die. Children, whom were victims of the Holocaust, did not choose this for themselves and had their lives stolen from them without knowing it. After the Holocaust ended, many people were devastated. Jews and many other cultures were left without food and shelter.Many of these people did not have a job and lost their family also. Many Jews never found their family members, and never got reunited with their friends from the past. Unfortunately, when many of the Jews tried to return to Poland, they were murdered by mobs. Furthermore, even when the Holocaust was over, the Jews still suffered a hard life. Looking for new homes approximately 137,000 Jews came to the United States, which admitted almost 400,000 refugees (â€Å"Holocaust Museum†). Jews mostly did not return to their homes because of the hatred of Jews that was portrayed in their former community.Possibly as many as 170,000 Jewish displaced persons and refugees had immigrated to Israel by 1953 (Rosenberg). Adolf Hitler, This cruel man, who killed millions of people, was finally put to justice. Death is never the answer, and I’m sure that his family and former friends were experiencing a huge loss, but during this time period the death of Adolf Hitler was the only answer that would punish him for his horrible crime. Despite what the Jews went through, they never demanded attention or compensation for what they went through.The Jews tried their hardest to return back to their normal lives, a nd find family members that they lost during the tragic time of the Holocaust. All in all, they avoided the temptation to hate or to teach their children to hate, which takes a lot of honor to do. Throughout this whole essay, I am trying to let the reader know that the Holocaust was a very devastating time for many cultures. Furthermore, before the Holocaust, the Jews lived a normal life, just like any other human being did. Afterwards, when the Jews were set free, it took them a really long time to return back to normal life, though their lives will never be normal gain. The Jews and their families will always have fear, and never forget the horrible things that they seen and went through. Unquestionably, this period in time showed how evil mankind can be, and what humans will do over anger and madness. The holocaust was a horrible event that killed millions of innocent people and showed the world how inhuman mankind can be. The Holocaust, what is the true depth of this word? As sa d as it may seem, it affected the lives of millions because of the hate and jealously inside of one certain group of people, the Nazi’s.Millions of innocent adults and children had their lives stolen from them over one man’s anger and hatred. Many people of today’s society could not imagine being treated as the Jews were treated. The Jews were treated as wild animals; they were locked away and barely fed or sheltered. Can you find a word to describe this act? Dehumanization, Man and man are supposed to work together to make their community better. Every human is just alike, we all have; hair, two eyes, two arms, two legs, and a brain to think.Furthermore, we all also have emotions and feelings. Would Adolf Hitler want to be treated how he treated the Jews? No, nobody would like to be treated as if they did not belong or matter. Everyone has a purpose in this world, and everyone is born for a reason. Let the Jews that died and suffered, rest in peace and live the ir life the best that they possibly can. These people who went through and experienced this unbearable time in history, are the strongest people of mankind. It took a lot of emotional and physical power to overcome that experience.The Holocaust has been over for many many years, but the wounds still scar the Jews and their families and many other groups of people too. May god let the soles of the Holocaust rest in peace, for you will never be disclaimed. As your stories fade into history, we will never forget the courage that it took to bare the actions that you endured during the Holocaust. This era in time will never be forgotten, and all of whom died and suffered through this horrible tragedy will always be remembered, for we will never forget the courage they held, and the hurt that they endured.

How Technology and Environment Might Influence the Structure of an Organisation

Student Name: Adeniyi Adebowale Module: Principles of Organising and Managing Student Number: 500188225 Due Date: 15th of March, 2010 Title: Explain how technology and environment might influence the structure of an organisation; support your answer with examples. Paragraphs: 25 Charles Perrow (1974) suggests that there are four types of technology that determines an organisation's most effective structure and success in the market. The following are the types of technology: Non-routine Technology are characterized by high task variability and low task analyzability, examples include tasks performed by research chemist, advertising agencies, high-tech product designers and top management teams. With this type of technology, an organization has to develop structure that allows employees to respond quickly to manage exceptions and create new solutions like an organic structure. Engineering Technology is characterized by high task variability and high task analyzability, examples of these includes civil engineering companies that build roads and bridges another example includes motor manufacturers that produce customized cars. Craft Technology is characterized by low task variability and low task analyzability, examples includes an accountant preparing a tax return and a plumber fitting a bath or shower. Robbins (1993) further argued that technology has and will continue to influence growth and development in organization. Technology has made a fundamental impact in the education sector, providing a competitive advantage that has come to be essential to many organizations. For example, education institutes must also use technology to improve the educational learning process. In the past decade, computers and the Internet have changed the way in which education can be delivered to students since it is currently possible to engage in distance education through the Internet. There are two means in which technologies can be used in delivering education to students and they are listed below: Synchronous Technologies is a mode of online delivery where all participants are â€Å"present† at the same time requiring a timetable to be organized. Web Conferencing is an example of synchronous technology. Asynchronous Technologies is a mode of online delivery where participants access course materials on their own schedule. Students are not required to be together at the same time. Message board forums, e-mail and recorded video are examples of asynchronous technology. draw:frame} {draw:frame} Source: Andrzej Huczynski and David Buchanan (2001), page 36. Placid, Randomized Placid, Clustered Disturbed, Reactive Turbulent Fields {draw:frame} The figure below outlines the suggested points in details: Source: Andrzej Huczynski and David Buchanan (2001), page 49. Source: Andrzej Huczynski and David Buchanan (2001), page 47 References Stephen P. Robbins, 1993, Or ganizational Behaviour, 6th Edition, Prentice Hall International, U. S. A. Stephen P. Robbins, 1994, Management, 4th Edition, Prentice Hall International, U. S. A. David Faulkner, 2002, Strategy_: Critical Perspective on Business and Management_, Volume 1, U. K. Lloyd S. Baird, James E. Post and John F. Mahon, 1990, Management: Function and Responsibilities, Harper Collins Publisher, U. S. A. Harold J. Leavitt, Louis R. Pondy, and David M Boje, 1988, Readings in Managerial Psychology, 4th Edition, The University of Chicago Press Ltd. U. S. A. Charles Perrow, 1974, Organizational Analysis: A Social View, Tavistock Publications, London, U. K. Alan Fox, 1974, Beyond Contract: Work, Power and Trust Relations (Society Today and Tomorrow), Faber Publishing, London, U. K.